Varicosis is a leg disease, which not only spoils the aesthetic appearance of a person, but can also lead to a number of serious complications.The main causes, symptoms and methods of treatment of varicose veins on the legs are described in detail later.
Medical certificate - Varicosis veins
Variques - A chronic disease of the peripheral veins of the lower limbs with a progressive evolution.It is characterized by a pathological expansion of the veins, which manifests itself by a violation of the reverse blood flow due to the weakness of the valves and the wall of the vessels.Consequently, there is a stagnation of venous blood and an increase in the pressure of the veins, whose walls lose over time and begin to stretch and deform.According to the international classification of diseases, the varicose veins of CIM-10 of the lower limbs have the code 183.
The causes of the disease
The etiology of varicose veins is not well studied.Doctors consider polyetiological disease, but distinguish several development theories:
- Mechanical theory. Excessive load on the lower limbs: with standing work (surgeons, dentists, teachers, hairdressers), athletes, pregnant women.
- Neuroendocrine theory. Due to the hormonal change (pregnancy, menopause, sexual maturation), the tone of the walls of the blood vessels is reduced.
- Genetic predisposition.Congenital functional underdevelopment of the valves in the veins.
Risk factors for the development of varicose veins:
- female sex;
- heredity;
- Excess weight;
- loading charges;
- A sedentary lifestyle.
Symptoms of the disease
The manifestations of the disease are:
- The appearance of a vascular mesh in the form of stars on the skin is telangioectasis.
- Skin changes: drought, pigmentation.In the last stages - dermatitis, eczema, trophic ulcers.
- A curved characteristic through the skin of excusable veins on the lower limbs.
- The appearance of pain and discomfort in the legs, especially after physical effort.Pain can have a different character (pulling, burning, painful), time of occurrence (pain in the end of the day, at night).
- The development of edema and convulsions of the calf muscles.At the beginning, swelling is observed in the foot region, then applies to the bottom of the leg.
Varice development stages
The disease develops in stages and slowly.He can pass for several years when his first symptoms appear.
- Step 0. It is characterized by non -specific characteristics, such as gravity and discomfort in the legs that can be symptoms and other diseases (osteochondrosis, flat feet).At this stage, the disease is also difficult to diagnose due to the lack of main deformation of attribute and performance of the extended veins on the legs.
- STEP 1. Changes on the skin - The vascular stars are attached to the above complaints.
- STEP 2. The inflated and winding veins enlarged, the nodules are characteristic.
- STEP 3. The occurrence of edema is particularly pronounced at the end of the day.
- STEP 4. It is manifested by irreversible changes in blood vessels and trophic leg lesions due to alteration of blood circulation and insufficient nutrition of tissues.Strong skin pigmentation (dark brown color) is characteristic.
- STEP 5. Healing trophic ulcer.
- STEP 6. The trophic ulcer is non-heal.
Possible complications
The disease itself is not dangerous for life, but its complications are dangerous due to untimely or incorrect treatment:
- Acute thrombophlebitis of surface veins - inflammation of the walls of blood vessels, the formation of blood clots from blood clots, which undertook blood circulation in the tissues;
- thromboembolia of the pulmonary artery - blocking of the light of the pulmonary artery with a thrombus, which has separated from the wall of the ship, often has a death;
- Phlebotrombose;
- Trophic ulcer - occurs with advanced forms of varicose veins due to poor tissue nutrition with blood;
- Bleeding of the knots.
When to see a doctor
The varicose veins are diagnosed and processed by a phebologist (cardiovascular surgery).In order not to miss the start of the disease, it is necessary to contact a specialist in the first signs:
- the appearance of vascular stars on the legs;
- A feeling of discomfort in the legs, pain;
- Quick swelling and fatigue;
- Night convulsions;
- clearly widened veins.
Varices on the legs, whose treatment was opportune and effective, to threaten the occurrence of complications.
Diagnostic measures
To date, the main diagnostic method is ultrasound.During the diagnosis of varicose veins, such measures are carried out:
- Ultrasound dopplerrography. A method that combines the use of ultrasonic and doppler diagnostics and allows you to assess the nature of the blood movement through the vessels, the presence of reverse blood plaster, blood clots, the state of the vessels in the cut, the functioning of the venous valves (the presence of the flotation) and the permeability of the peripheral and deep veins.There are several types: color dopplerography, duplex and triplex dopplerography.
- Duplex scanning (ultrasound) is a type of ultrasonic doppleography, in which 2 methods are used: in color mode and dopplerography.Allows you to determine the presence of blood clots, their size, the nature of the location, the possibility of separation.The method is not invasive, can with great precision establish a diagnosis and determine other treatment tactics.
- Phlebomanometry - A method to determine the blood pressure on the walls of the veins.
- Phleboscintigraphy - The introduction of radiopharmacy in Vienne and observation using a special device.The method is used for the combined pathology of the veins and the lymphatic system.
- Phlébography is a radiological method which involves the introduction of an X-ray contract intravenously.In an image of X -rays, the doctor will assess the condition of the veins.Suitable for the diagnosis of deep veins, when ultrasonic dopplerography has been wrapped.
The last two methods are invasive, have a number of contraindications (allergies to a contrast support) and today are rarely used for diagnostic purposes.
Treatment methods
The varicose veins on the legs, whose treatment is carried out by two main methods of the complex (conservative and surgical), has a favorable forecast.Conservative methods:
- drug treatment;
- the use of traditional medicine;
- physiotherapy;
- Compression therapy implies the use of special underwear;
- sclerotherapy.
Surgical methods:
- Functioning of Varadi - elimination of affected veins (phleectomy);
- Veins laser coagulation.
External treatment with creams, ointments and gels
The external use of creams, ointments and gels acts as auxiliary means in the early stages of the disease.Preparations help reduce swelling, pain, increase the tone of venous walls.
Laser treatment
The treatment of Lazamaria (laser coagulation or ablation) is a mini-invasive method which is used in pronounced forms of the disease.Use lasers with different wavelengths.Laser light is inserted into the light of the veins and sticks its walls.In the future, such a vein will resolve.The procedure occurs under the control of ultrasound, did not leave after strong bruises. Advantages of laser treatment: lack of recovery period, insufficient procedure, a minimum of postoperative complications, scars and pigmentations.
Sclerotherapy
Sclerotherapy - is the introduction of a special (sclerosing) drug into the affected vein, which sticks it from the inside and it disappears over time.There are several varieties of this methodology: echo-sclerotherapy, microsclerotherapy.The procedure lasts 20 minutes, the sclerotherapy sessions required from 3 to 5. This treatment method is widely used in many countries of the world and provides a long result and in the first stages - for life.However, with advanced and severe forms, sclerotherapy does not give a hundred percent warranty.
Hydrotherapy
The treatment of hydrotherapy (therapy in water) in the form of various types of baths (with herbs, salt) and the shower (circular, massage, contrast) helps reduce the light of blood vessels, relieve fatigue and swelling of the legs.
The use of stockings and tights from varicose veins
The use of compression linen (tightening) helps the first stages of varicose veins by eliminating blood stagnation in the peripheral veins and redistributing it from vessels extended to healthy vessels. The use of such a knitted linen is possible for preventive purposes and during rehabilitation.
Surgical therapy
Surgical elimination of affected veins - Phlebrectomy is a radical, complex, but the most effective (almost 100% healing) method.However, phleectomy has a number of contraindications: diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys, pregnancy.After the operation, for a month, you should wear a delaying compression linen or apply an elastic bandage on the leg.
Physiotherapy
The treatment of varicose veins with physiotherapeutic methods is effective for prevention, in the early stages of the disease, as well as in complex therapy.Widely used: laser therapy, darsonvalization, magnetic laser therapy, pneumocompression, UHF, balneo and music therapy.Physiotherapy helps strengthen the walls of blood vessels, improves the functioning of valves, microcirculation and lymphocide in the limbs.A visible result is obtained with regular treatment in combination with other therapy methods.
Folk remedies
Treatment with folk remedies of varicose veins on the legs is very popular in patients.However, it should be kept in mind that all non -traditional medicine methods are ineffective in serious forms of the disease.Folk remedies for the treatment of varicose veins:
- Testures of medicinal herbs: kalanchoe, nettle, horse chestnut, ginseng root, nutmeg;
- Lotions and compresses in clay, honey;
- soda baths, sea salt;
- Nails (Vishnevsky);
- Hirudotherapy (treatment with medical leeches).
Use of apple cider vinegar
The use of apple cider vinegar for varicose vein treatment is recommended by many specialists.It is advisable to cook the product yourself and not buy in the store.To prepare vinegar, you have to grind sweet apples, then pour them 3 cm above warm water.Let the product infuse for 2 weeks, sometimes stirring with a wooden spoon.Filter and add several spoons to a glass of water to rub.Vinegar can be rubbed in painful legs, make compresses, wraps, baths.The tool strengthens the venous wall, improves blood circulation, reduces swelling.
Use of clay lotions and compresses
Blue clay in the form of lotions and compresses is often used for preventive purposes and with early manifestations of varicose veins. Put the diluted powder with lukewarm water with a thick layer on your feet, wrap it with a cling film and wrap it with a hot scarf.Keep the request for 40 minutes.Or apply for 30 minutes to a gauze assigned by a gauze, greased with clay with chopped garlic.Such therapy with regular use (a course of 2 to 3 weeks) effectively relieves discomfort in the legs, swelling and fatigue.
Use of acacia flower dye
For the treatment of varicose veins, a dyeing of white acacia colors is used.To prepare it, you must fill the raw materials in a 3 -liter jar and pour 0.5 liters of vodka and medical alcohol over 1/3, cover with a cover.Insist a mixture in a dark place for two weeks.Lubricate the painful legs with the finished dye 5-7 times a day.The dye will help alleviate the symptoms of varicose veins.
Use of ginseng dye
Ginseng root is a natural tonic to strengthen the venous vessels.The finished dye can be purchased in a pharmacy or prepared independently by pouring 0.5 liters of vodka 150 g of crushed dried ginseng.Insist the liquid in a dark place for 2 weeks.Tincture to be taken inwards at an empty stomach 1 to 2 tablespoons 4 times a day.
Use nettle
Nettle healing properties have been known for a long time.The plant improves blood circulation, prevents the stagnation of blood, strengthens the walls of blood vessels.To prepare the therapeutic decoction of nettle, the fresh or crushed dry leaves pour a liter of boiling water.Insist a few hours and tend.For a month, drink a decoction of a third of glass 3 times a day.
Use potatoes
Indeed, the use of potatoes for varicose veins in the form of compresses, lotions.For the compress, mix the freshly launched tuber with a spoonful of honey and apply to painful areas, fix with a film and bandage on the top. Keep a compress of 5 hours and wash with lukewarm water.The course of treatment is 3 weeks. The compress helps eliminate swelling, pain, a vascular net on the legs.
Varice prevention
To prevent the development of varicose veins, it is worth observing the following measures, in particular those in danger:
- keep the weight normal;
- Avoid the prolonged position;
- Walk more on foot, exercise on the legs;
- Limit high themed shoes;
- Limit the use of alcohol and cigarettes;
- Engage a kind of sport (swimming, cycling, aerobic);
- Water procedures (contrasting shower, relaxing legs for the legs);
- bring compression underwear;
- join good nutrition.
Varices on the legs - Treatment and diagnosis - Important components of rapid recovery.To date, there are a number of non -traditional medicine and means of medicine that promise to get rid of varicose veins.
If the varicose veins on the legs are not ignored and start a treatment over time, there is a high percentage of favorable prognosis.In the early stages, conservative therapy is shown: drugs, creams, compression knitting, physiotherapy, traditional medicine recipes.In pronounced forms - laser removal, elimination of advanced veins.